Childhood Disorders

Prevalence of childhood disorders

1. Alot of Stressors
2. Highly resilient
3. One stable competant healthy adult is enough for resilience
4. Alot develope who don’t have stressors
5. Temperament -> worse temperament leads to worse environment
6. Developmental psychopathology
   1. Need to be considered within development of children
   2. Echolalia -> repeating words, normal, not a symptom

ADHD

1. Its annoying so it gets more attention (squeeky wheel)
2. Socialization/Normal development (delayed response)
3. 6 or more for 6 months
   1. Inattention -> trouble with details, or playing a game, inattentive symptoms, trouble organizing activies, loses things, easily distracted
   2. Hyperactivity -> figiting, scwerming, trouble with leasure activities, excessive talking
   3. Impulsivity -> blurting out answers, interrupting, trouble waiting your turn
4. In two or more settings
5. Three subtypes
   1. Combined -> areas go together (most common)
   2. Predominant Inattentive
   3. Predominately H-Im
6. Poor peer relationships
7. Popularity
   1. Media (actual prevelance 1-7%)
   2. Cross cultural, but US gives out the most (with other countries on the rise)
   3. Gender differences (3:1, boys)
   4. Girls tend to have inattentive subtype
   5. Comorbidity
   6. Inaddtentive more tolerated in Girls, but impulsivity tolerated less
   7. Male brains develope slower
8. Prognosis
   1. Tend to grow out of
   2. Tend to lead to antisocial, substance abuse, marital problems, legal problems, traffic tickets
9. Causal Factors
   1. Brain damage? probably not (people with tend not to have damage, and people damaged tend not to have adhd)
   2. Can’t just look at the brain and figure it out
   3. However, tend to have differences in frontal lobe, basel ganglia and corpus column
   4. Immaturity Hypothesis -> Immaturity of the brain
      1. Adult adhd is contraversial
   5. Prenatal -> oxigen to brain, mothers who drink, smoke or do drugs
   6. Diet? Probably not
   7. Genetics (tend to run in families)
   8. Also common in families with big disruption -> move, divorce, death in family, etc
10. Treatment
    1. 70-80% respond well to stimulants (don’t help with academics), but gains short term
    2. Alot of kids on drugs don’t meet symptoms
    3. Most drugs given out by family doctors, not psychiatrists

Conduct Disorder

1. Bully?
2. Chronic lack of concern for rights of others
3. Diagnostic criteria (3 or more)
   1. Aggression to people and animals (serious aggression, tying animals legs together), including mugging and rape
   2. Distruction of property
   3. Deceitfulness of theft (con games)
   4. Serious violation of rules (like runing away)
4. Generally start early
5. Prognosis
   1. If it starts young -> not so good
   2. If in adolecence -> tend to grow out of it
   3. Tends to lead to antisocial and borderline

ODD

1. Less sevear than CD
2.  You don’t do what people tell you todo
3. Criteria
   1. 6 months of negative, hostile, defiant behavior
4. Early Childhood -> in infancy
5. Comorbid with adhd and CD
6. Higher in boys (3:1), is this really the case? underdiagnosed in girls (mean girls the movie)