Depression con’t.

Subtypes and Specifiers

1. With melancholic features -> slowed down, eat less
2. With psychotic features -> delusions and halucinations (connected)
3. With catatonic features -> can’t move, hard time comunicating
4. With atypicial features -> weight gain, heavyness, sensitive to interpersonal rejection
5. With postpartum onset -> rare
6. SAD -> Seasonal Anxiaty Disorder, rare, 2 years in a row, get better when winter is over
7. MDD -> single episode
   1. single MDE
   2. Never manic
   3. Never some other disorder
8. MDD -> recurrent
   1. 2 or more (at least 2 months apart)
9. Dysthymic Disorder
   1. Majority of days, most of day, 2 years or more
   2. Never without for 2 months
10. Gender Difference (not just self report)
    1. Power, status, and trauma
       1. More likely to experience things like, spouce abuse, rape, sexual harassment
    2. Chronic strains -> fewer options in life
    3. Hormones?
       1. Prior to puberty hormones are the same (where the difference spikes)
       2. But no biological evidence
    4. Body image (a puberty women become less thin and men become stronger)
    5. Postpartum -> too small a difference between postpartum and not to explain the difference
    6. PMS -> 5-10% actually have pms, 70+% think they have
    7. Menopause -> completely wrong, even if you take hrt
    8. HPA theories -> Hypothalamus, Patuitary, Adrenal
       1. Early trauma causes deregulation in this system
    9. Self-Concept -> inconsistant
    10. Interpersonal orientation -> approach to relationships
        1. Putting others before yourself
        2. Less likely to get benefits
        3. more likely to lose from ending the relationship
    11. Attachment style
        1. High maintenance
        2. Fishing for compliments
        3. Tends to cause hostility (making the attachment person depressed)
    12. Coping style
        1. Women cope via rumination
        2. less effective than active coping
    13. Integrative Model -> a little from column A, a little from column B

Bipolar Disorder

1. Used to be manic depression
2. Manic part
   1. Unrealisticly positive view of self
   2. Racing thoughts
   3. Pressured speech
   4. Both Euphoria and Irriation
   5. Impulsivity (shopping, gambling, sex)
   6. Big plans
3. Bipolar I
   1. Atleast one manic
   2. followed by major depressive
4. Bipolar II
   1. Major despressive
   2. hypomanic episoid
   3. Hypomania: less intense, tends not to interfere with daily functions (where as manic does)
5. Cyclothymia
   1. Less severe and more chronic
   2. Hypomania and moderate depression
6. Bipolar and Creativity
   1. Mania helps creativity and charisma -> likely
   2. Benefits of depression? maybe
   3. Family study -> creative families have bipolar more than others
7. Avoid romanticizing

Suicide

1. Death seekers -> clearly want to die
   1. Unlikely to fail
   2. plan alot
   3. long time coming
2. Death initiators
   1. Terminally ill
3. Death ignorers
   1. Don’t think death will kill them
   2. Drinking koolaid
   3. Suicide bomber
4. Death darers
   1. Ambilvilant
   2. fail alot
5. Subintentional deaths
   1. Chronically doing things that increase your chances of death
6. If you think someone might kill themselves: ASK THEM
   1. This is not a joke, ask them if you think they might
7. If they try, 50% go on to have a serious attempt